1951 Refugee Convention

The 1951 Refugee Convention & the 1967 Protocol sound like well meant arrangements, like Altruism in action. In practice they have been grossly abused by millions and become Pathological Altruism, destructive. After the Second World War there were lots of  #Displaced Persons ex Wiki [ DPs ]. There was good reason for helping them, whence the #United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees  [ UNHCR ].

 

 

1951 Refugee Convention
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The 1951 Refugee Convention is the key legal document that forms the basis of our work. Signed by 144 State parties, it defines the term ‘refugee’ and outlines the rights of the displaced, as well as the legal obligations of States to protect them.

The core principle is non-refoulement, which asserts that a refugee should not be returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom. This is now considered a rule of customary international law. 

UNHCR serves as the ‘guardian’ of the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol. According to the legislation, States are expected to cooperate with us in ensuring that the rights of refugees are respected and protected.
UNQUOTE
One signatory is the State of Israel, which deals with it 'refugees' by incarcerating them in Saharonim Concentration Camp, Keziot Concentration Camp, Holot Concentration Camp or, quite possibly others. The Jews are not known to have any gas chambers in these places but then did Auschwitz? A bullet is cheaper and quicker than Zyklon B, the well known insecticide. Hanging is even less expensive but slower.

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ex Wiki

http://order-order.com/2016/09/05/cps-set-decide-charging-home-affairs-ctte-member/

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Relating_to_the_Status_of_Refugees

1967 Protocol ex Wiki
The Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees is a key treaty in international refugee law which entered into force on 4 October 1967. 146 countries are parties to the Protocol.

Where the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees had restricted refugee status to those whose circumstances had come about "as a result of events occurring before 1 January 1951", as well as giving States party to the Convention the option of interpreting this as "events occurring in Europe" or "events occurring in Europe or elsewhere", the 1967 Protocol removed both the temporal and geographic restrictions. However, the Protocol gave those states which had previously ratified the 1951 Convention and chosen to use the geographically restricted definition the option to retain that restriction.

References

  1. "Chapter V – Refugees and Stateless Persons". United Nations Treaty Series. 22 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

External links

 

 

 

 

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displaced_person

Displaced Persons ex Wiki
A displaced person (sometimes abbreviated DP) is a person who has been forced to leave his or her home or place of habitual residence, a phenomenon known as forced migration.

According to the UNHCR, there were 59.5 million forcibly displaced people worldwide at the end of 2014, the highest level since World War II: 19.5 million were refugees, 1.8 million asylum seekers and 38.2 million internally displaced persons.[2]

 

Origin of term

The term was first widely used during World War II and the resulting refugee outflows from Eastern Europe,[3] when it was used to specifically refer to one removed from his or her native country as a refugee, prisoner or a slave laborer. The meaning has significantly broadened in the past half-century. A displaced person may also be referred to as a forced migrant. The term "refugee" is also commonly used as a synonym for displaced person, causing confusion between the general descriptive class of anyone who has left their home and the subgroup of legally defined refugees who enjoy specified international legal protection. Most of the victims of war, political refugees and DPs of the immediate post-Second World War period were Ukrainians, Poles, other Slavs, as well as citizens of the Baltic states - Lithuanians, Latvians, and Estonians, who refused to return to Soviet-dominated eastern Europe.

A.J. Jaffe claimed that the term was originally coined by Eugene M. Kulischer.[4]

International law aspects

Main articles: Refugee law and Refugee

If the displaced person has crossed an international border and falls under one of the relevant international legal instruments, they are considered a refugee.[5] A forced migrant who left his or her home because of political persecution or violence, but did not cross an international border, is commonly considered to be the less well-defined category of internally displaced person (IDP), and is subject to more tenuous international protection. The forced displacement of a number of refugees or internally displaced persons according to an identifiable policy is an example of population transfer. A displaced person who crosses an international border without permission from the country they are entering is an illegal immigrant. The most visible recent case of this is the European migrant crisis of 2014 and onward.

A migrant who fled because of economic hardship is an economic migrant. A special sub-set of this is development-induced displacement, in which the forced migrant was forced out their home because of economically driven projects like that of the Three Gorges Dam in China and various Indian dams. The internally displaced person generally refers to one who is forced to migrate for reasons other than economic conditions, such as war or persecution. There is a body of opinion that holds that persons subject to development-induced displacement should have greater legal protection than that granted economic migrants.

Persons are often displaced due to natural or man-made disasters. Displacement can also occur as a result of slow-onset climate change, such as desertification or sea-level rise. A person who is displaced due to environmental factors which negatively impact his or her livelihood is generally known as an environmental migrant. Such displacement can be cross-border in nature but is frequently internal. No specific international legal instrument applies to such individuals. Foreign nations often offer disaster relief to mitigate the effects of such disaster displacement. Bogumil Terminski distinguishes two general categories of internal displacement: displacement of risk (mostly conflict-induced displacement, deportations and disaster-induced displacement) and displacement of adaptation (associated with voluntary resettlement, development-induced displacement and environmentally-induced displacement).

Following the effects of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the term "refugee" was sometimes used to describe people displaced by the storm and the aftereffects. There was an outcry that the term should not be used to describe Americans displaced within their own county, and the term "evacuee" was substituted in its place.[6] The UNHCR similarly opposes the use of the term 'refugee' in reference to environmental migrants, as this term has a strict legal definition.[7]

See also