Cocaine is narcotic and highly illegal for reasons good, bad or indifferent. The World Health Organization is a large and presumably competent organisation which did a major study of cocaine. The American government were so pleased that they had it suppressed. Happily you can read what they have to say at the complete leaked report or WHO Cocaine Study.
The study tells us that occasional use is unlikely to lead to social or medical problems. Remember that it was America that brought us Prohibition of alcohol in 1919. It was 1933 before they gave up on it. The same kind of self righteous rogues are still abusing government power to impose their nasty opinions on us.
It is entirely likely that cocaine is unhealthy in excess. So it is with tobacco and alcohol but bad law drives the prices way up and the quality down. One seriously big time supplier is in fact the American CIA. See The Politics of Heroin on the point.
WHO Report Executive Summary
QUOTE
• The WHO/UNICRI Cocaine Project is the largest study on cocaine ever undertaken. The study was made possible through the generous contribution of the Italian Ministry of Interior. The project produced:
- Country Profiles on Cocaine from 19 developed and developing countries;
- Key Informant Study reports from drug users and others with an extensive knowledge of cocaine use from 19 cities on almost every continent;
- A Natural History Study report on four sites in South America and Africa.
• The research methods developed for the project can now be used to collect information on cocaine in other countries and information on other drugs, and to monitor trends in the future.
• It is not possible to describe an "average cocaine user". An enormous variety was found in the types of people who use cocaine, the amount of drug used, the frequency of use, the duration and intensity of use, the reasons for using and any associated problems they experience.
• However, three general patterns of use were found across the participating countries:
1. The snorting of cocaine hydrochloride (by far the most popular use of coca products worldwide).
2. The smoking of coca paste and crack, and the injection of cocaine ' hydrochloride, are minority behaviours, and tend to be found among the socially marginalised.
3. The traditional use of coca leaves among some indigenous populations in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, northern Chile and Argentina as well as some groups in Brazil and Colombia.
• Generally cocaine users consume a range of other drugs as well. There appears to be very little "pure" cocaine use. Overall, fewer people in participating countries have used cocaine than have used alcohol, tobacco or cannabis. Also, in most countries, cocaine is not the drug associated with the greatest problems.
• Health problem; from the use of legal substances, particularly alcohol and tobacco, are greater than health problems from cocaine use.
• Few experts describe cocaine as invariably harmful to health. Cocaine-related problems are widely perceived to be more common and more severe for intensive, high-dosage users and very rare and much less severe for occasional, low-dosage users.
• A majority of health consequences may not be directly attributed to cocaine use. Cocaine often contributes to or exacerbates the conditions reported, rather than causing them.
• There are widespread myths bet few scientific studies of the relationship between cocaine and sexual behaviour. One finding was that sexual problems seem to occur among high-dosage regular cocaine users.
• A range of mental health problems are associated with cocaine use, though they are mainly limited to high-dosage users.
• There is a complex relationship between cocaine use and crime, particularly theft and violence.
• Use of coca leaves appears to have no negative health effects and has positive therapeutic, sacred and social functions for indigenous Andean populations.
• Responses to cocaine-related health problems are poorly coordinated, inconsistent, often culturally inappropriate and generally ineffective.
• Education, treatment and rehabilitation programmes should be increased to counterbalance the current over-reliance on law enforcement measures. They should not necessarily concentrate exclusively on cocaine, bet should be integrated into a mix of strategies to deal effectively with a range of drugs.
• In many settings, educational and prevention programmes generally do not dispel myths bet sensationalize, perpetuate stereotyping and misinformation.
• Most treatment services are poorly coordinated, often being culturally inappropriate and ineffective in achieving rehabilitation. Those most likely to be denied access when seeking treatment are the poor and heavily dependent.
• In most settings, people who have enough money to pay for cocaine - and who are familiar with a supplier - are able to obtain the drug despite its illegality.
• In many settings, cocaine users complained about the level of corruption among law enforcement officials and alleged abuses of human rights. Users made it clear that such abuses and exploitation would generally not be effective in changing their drug use behaviour.
• Coca paste use may be increasing in Andean countries and crack, use appears to be increasing in Nigeria and Brazil.
• Cocaine injection rates appear to be relatively stable and at low levels relative to the injection of other drugs.
• Most countries believe there needs to be more assessment of the adverse effects of current drug policies and strategies.
• Some countries have shifted the focus of their drug policy to a broad range of goals in which abstinence is appropriate for non-users and someSome countries have shifted the focus of their drug policy to a broad range of goals in which abstinence is appropriate for non-users and some users of coca products, while other users are encouraged to use the drug as safely as possible.
Please contact (for further information): Hans Emblad
UNQUOTE
So it is not as bad as sensationalists tell us. I am not about to try it; in fact I never have.
Cocaine Pollution Causes Long Term Effects Agranulocytosis can kill
you, but its symptoms are frustratingly broad. Some people's throats close
up. Some people get diarrhea. Some people get skin infections, sores in
their mouth or anus, or just a fever. Some people have it, don't know it,
and get better without seeing a doctor. Some people don't see a doctor
until it's too late. Basically, agranulocytosis is a catastrophic crash in a
person's immune system, which can turn a zit, a scratch, or even the
bacteria that normally live in and around your body into a
life-threatening infection.
QUOTE
The Mystery of the Tainted
Cocaine
What's a drug used to deworm
livestock—a drug that can obliterate your immune system—doing in your
cocaine? Nobody knows.
UNQUOTE
This article might be honest. It might be Disinformation.
I just do not know enough about the science to know. Not many people do. It
reads as honest. Think for yourself. Decide for yourself. Do you really need the
stuff in the first place?
Background is at:-
Agranulocytosis -
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Levamisole - Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia
Levamisole
- WrongDiagnosis.com
Bad Science - Cocaine Study That Got Up The Nose Of The US
QUOTE
In areas of moral and political
conflict people will always behave badly with evidence, so the war on
drugs is a
consistent source of entertainment. We have already seen how cannabis
being "25 times stronger" was a fantasy, how drugs-related deaths were
quietly dropped from the measures for
drugs policy,
and how a trivial pile of poppies was presented by the government as a
serious dent in the Taliban's heroin revenue.
The Commons home affairs select committee is looking at the best way to deal with cocaine. You may wonder why they're bothering. When the Advisory Council for the Misuse of Drugs looked at the evidence on the reclassification of cannabis it was ignored. When Professor David Nutt, the new head of the advisory council, wrote a scientific paper on the relatively modest risks of MDMA (the active ingredient in the club drug ecstasy) he was attacked by the home secretary, Jacqui Smith.
In the case of cocaine there is an even more striking precedent for evidence being ignored: the World Health Organisation (WHO) conducted what is probably the largest ever study of global use. In March 1995 they released a briefing kit which summarised their conclusions, with some tantalising bullet points.
"Health problems from the use of legal substances, particularly alcohol and tobacco, are greater than health problems from cocaine use," they said. "Cocaine-related problems are widely perceived to be more common and more severe for intensive, high-dosage users and very rare and much less severe for occasional, low-dosage users."
The full report – which has never been published [ read it here - Editor ] – was extremely critical of most US policies. It suggested that supply reduction and law enforcement strategies have failed, and that options such as decriminalisation might be explored, flagging up such programmes in Australia, Bolivia, Canada and Colombia. "Approaches which over-emphasise punitive drug control measures may actually contribute to the development of heath-related problems," it said, before committing heresy by recommending research into the adverse consequences of prohibition, and discussing "harm reduction" strategies.
"An increase in the adoption of responses such as education, treatment and rehabilitation programmes," it said, "is a desirable counterbalance to the over-reliance on law enforcement."
It singled out anti-drug adverts based on fear. "Most programmes do not prevent myths, but perpetuate stereotypes and misinform the general public.
"Such programmes rely on sensationalised, exaggerated statements about cocaine which misinform about patterns of use, stigmatise users, and destroy the educator's credibility."
It also dared to challenge the prevailing policy view that all drug use is harmful misuse. "An enormous variety was found in the types of people who use cocaine, the amount of drug used, the frequency of use, the duration and intensity of use, the reasons for using and any associated problems."
Experimental and occasional use were by far the most common types of use, it said, and compulsive or dysfunctional use, though worthy of close attention, were much less common.
It then descended into outright heresy. "Occasional cocaine use does not typically lead to severe or even minor physical or social problems … a minority of people … use casually for a short or long period, and suffer little or no negative consequences."
And finally: "Use of coca leaves appears to have no negative health effects and has positive, therapeutic, sacred and social functions for indigenous Andean populations."
At the point where mild cocaine use was described in positive tones the Americans presumably blew some kind of outrage fuse. This report was never published because the US representative to the WHO threatened to withdraw US funding for all its research projects and interventions unless the organisation "dissociated itself from the study" and cancelled publication. According to the WHO this document does not exist, (although you can read a leaked copy at www.tdpf.org.uk/WHOleaked.pdf).
Drugs show the classic problem for
evidence-based social policy. It may well be that prohibition, and
distribution of drugs by criminals, gives worse results for the outcomes
we think are important, such as harm to the user and to communities
through crime. But equally, we may tolerate these outcomes, because we
decide it is more important that we declare ourselves to disapprove of
drug use. It's okay to do that. You can have policies that go against
your stated outcomes, for moral or political reasons: but that doesn't
mean you can hide the evidence.
UNQUOTE
The Graun uses the truth when it wants to. There will be no
mention of homosexuals sodomizing little boys.
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www.thehindu.com/2009/07/01/stories/2009070155680900.htm73. Rochdale Library Service — Horizon Information Portal
"Search Results. 16 titles matched: WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION ... ADVERSE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF COCAINE ABUSE; EDITED BY A. ARIF ..."
libraries.rochdale.gov.uk/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=1KW6972Y52781.61569&profile=dial--3&uri=link=1100003@!X8151@!1100001@!1100002&aspect=basic_search&menu=search&ri=1&source=10.5.5.100@!dial&term=WORLD+HEALTH+ORGANISATION&index=AA74. The Australian Heroin Diaries: CourierMail - Cocaine Hysteria ...
"Most drinkers don't need treatment and neither do most cocaine users. The World Health Organisation conducted the largest ever study of global cocaine use ..."
theaustralianheroindiaries.blogspot.com/2009/11/couriermail-cocaine-hysteria-thrive-in.html
"1 kilo (cocaine). 7000. Farmers. Bolivia. 500 kilos (coca leaves) ... The World Health Organisation calculated that in 1980 between one and ten per cent of ..."
www.newint.org/issue140/facts.htm76. About AGWA
"The World Health Organisation and the UN's Inter Regional Crime and Justice research institutes cocaine project maintains that coca users show none of the ..."
www.agwabuzz.com/about.php77. prevention ||epilepsy prevention world health organisation - gas ...
"perforated nasal septum cocaine symptoms prevention drowning prevention stickers for kids prevention virginia hiking and camping prevention ..."
christelinc.com/buljh/prevention.php78. Addiction - Student home, The University of York
"2 Oct 2009 ... World Health Organisation guidelines state that safe alcohol intake is: ... Cocaine and crack cocaine are illegal drugs which come in the ..."
www.york.ac.uk/students/support/health/problems/addiction/79. World Health Organisation Acupuncture report 2003
"... suitable for acupuncture treatment according to the World Health Organisation ( WHO )in 2003. ... Opium, cocaine and heroin dependence. Osteoarthritis ..."
www.martinbailey.co.uk/who.html80. The onset and use of non-medical drugs in New Zealand, 2009 Media ...
"2 Mar 2009 ... in conjunction with the World Health Organisation (WHO). ... In contrast the percentage who have ever used cocaine in Colombia and ..."
www.otago.ac.nz/news/news/2009/02-03-09_press_release.html81. Cause of Death Country Year No. of Deaths Population Estimate ...
"World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe: European .... Cocaine- and opiate-related fatal overdose in New York City, 1990– ..."
www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/booth/Risk/accidents.pdf82. t^áfefc^ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WHO/MEEI/95.1 wëg^ ORGANISATION ...
"WHO/UNICRI Cocaine Project. Dr Argandoña. TAC. 10 January. Joint Meeting of pdc and ABPC .... FOR INTERNAL USE WITHIN THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION ..."
whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1995/WHO_MEET_95.1.pdf83. Cocaine treatment admissions at three sentinel sites in South ...
"Accurate prevalence data on cocaine use, that points to where problems exist ..... through the World Health Organisation (Programme on Substance Abuse) for ..."
ukpmc.ac.uk/articlerender.cgi?artid=127855384. Crack -- the story so far -- Shapiro 48 (3): 140 -- Health ...
"Siegal RK Cocaine Smoking. Joumal of Psychoactive Drugs 1982; 14 (4): 318-319. ... World Health Organisation. Nomenclature and classification of drug- and ..."
hej.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/48/3/14085. Publications and Events - European Public Health Alliance
"EMCDDA issues report on the treatment of cocaine addiction ... The World Health Organisation Europe has published a discussion paper on concepts and ..."
www.epha.org/r/60?debut_articles=6086. ELDD | Classification of controlled drugs
"Preparations of substances listed in Schedule II, as well as preparations of cocaine. Lenient; according to the World Health Organisation, ..."
eldd.emcdda.europa.eu/html.cfm/index5622EN.html87. Psychiatric Comorbidity and Gender Effects in Heroin and Cocaine ...
"studies in German heroin and cocaine addicts. Taken to- gether, results from the Munich ..... WHO (World Health Organisation). International classifica- ..."
www.gjpsy.uni-goettingen.de/gjp-article-wedekind.pdf88. Researcher Finds Most People Use Drugs Without Problems
"... cocaine and cannabis – use is within our normal integrated lifestyle and I ... was an adviser to the World Health Organisation global cocaine project. ..."
www.cognitiveliberty.org/news/peter_cohen.htm89. Coca Is Not Cocaine | Healthy Self
"27 Aug 2009 ... This research was carried out between 1991 and 1995 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The concentration of cocaine alkaloid in the ..."
healthy-self.com/2009/08/27/coca-is-not-cocaine/90. AfricaNews - Sierra Leone: 600 kilo of cocaine seized - Murtala
"It could be recalled that a similar ship full with barrels of cocaine was ... and the World Health Organisation (WHO) has shown a reduction of 15% of new H… ..."
www.africanews.com/site/Sierra_Leone_600_kilo_of_cocaine_seized/list_messages/1944291. Amphetamine Cocaine - Kosmix : Reference, Videos, Images, News ...
"16 May 2009 ... Using amphetamine cocaine may result in physical changes to the body .... According to world health organisation (WHO) a drug is defined as ..."
www.kosmix.com/topic/Amphetamine_Cocaine
"International Organisations. World Health Organisation ... http://www. cannabisnews.com/; Cocaine Information on cocaine and crack. http://www.cocaine. org/ ..."
www.drugworld.co.uk/links.html93. 362.29 Tobacco and substance abuse - BUBL home page
"Substances covered include cocaine, rohypnol, GHB, heroin, inhalants, ketamine, ... Author: World Health Organisation DeweyClass: 362.29; Tobacco Control ..."
bubl.ac.uk/LINK/linkbrowse.cfm/s/linkbrowse.cfm?menuid=479994. Mind Hacks: I've hidden the drugs inside this political football
"12 Jun 2009 ... This week's Bad Science column has another example, where a now leaked 1991 World Health Organisation report [pdf] on the impact of cocaine ..."
www.mindhacks.com/blog/2009/06/ive_hidden_the_drug.html95. Bulgaria Seizes Cocaine Hidden In Wine Bottles - World - Javno
"Customs officials said the cocaine was destined for Europe. ... Meanwhile, an expert from the World Health Organisation suggested that thousands more. ..."
www.javno.com/en-world/bulgaria-seizes-cocaine-hidden-in-wine-bottles_26964496. Ethical issues in using a cocaine vaccine to treat and prevent ...
"A "cocaine vaccine" is a promising immunotherapeutic approach to treating .... A consensus view of a World Health Organisation panel31 was that compulsory ..."
jme.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/30/4/33797. Crystal meth to get class A listing in bid to limit use
"12 Jun 2006 ... Cocaine sells for $100 to $150 a gram in the US, meth about $25. · World Health Organisation estimates 35 million people use it or its ..."
poliziadistato.it/pds/ipol/pdf/crystal_meth.pdf98. yax-911 Punitive approach not the best, says drug policy advocate
"1 Aug 2008 ... The World Health Organisation, Nadelmann said, did a 19-country assessment of coca and cocaine in the 1990s.Its conclusion was that chewing ..."
www.yawningbread.org/arch_2008/yax-911.htm99. Gulfnews: Smoking ban a boon for public health, World Health ...
"Smoking ban a boon for public health, World Health Organisation says. Reuters ... VENEZUELA. Venezuela key route for cocaine trade. ZIMBABWE ..."
www.gulfnews.com/World/United_Kingdom/10224829.html100. Acute alcohol intoxication - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"89: 701-704; ^ The World Health Organisation (2007) Alcohol and Injury in ... benzodiazepine dependence, benzodiazepine withdrawal) · cocaine (cocaine ..."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_alcohol_intoxication