Pope Paul VI ex Wiki
Pope Paul VI (Latin:
Paulus VI;
Italian: Paolo VI; born Giovanni Battista Enrico
Antonio Maria Montini, 26 September 1897 – 6 August 1978) was head of
the
Catholic Church and sovereign of the
Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 to his death in 1978. Succeeding
John XXIII, he continued the
Second Vatican Council which he closed in 1965, implementing its
numerous reforms, and fostered improved ecumenical relations with
Eastern Orthodox and
Protestant churches, which resulted in many historic meetings and
agreements.[8]
Montini served in the Holy See's Secretariat of State from 1922 to 1954. While in the Secretariat of State, Montini and Domenico Tardini were considered as the closest and most influential advisors of Pius XII, who in 1954 named him Archbishop of Milan, the largest Italian diocese. Montini later became the Secretary of the Italian Bishops' Conference. John XXIII elevated him to the College of Cardinals in 1958, and after the death of John XXIII, Montini was considered one of his most likely successors.[9] Upon his election to the papacy, Montini took the name Paul VI.
He re-convened the Second Vatican Council, which had automatically closed with the death of John XXIII. After the council had concluded its work, Paul VI took charge of the interpretation and implementation of its mandates, often walking a thin line between the conflicting expectations of various groups within Catholicism. The magnitude and depth of the reforms affecting all fields of Church life during his pontificate exceeded similar reform programmes of his predecessors and successors. Paul VI spoke repeatedly to Marian conventions and mariological meetings, visited Marian shrines and issued three Marian encyclicals. Following Ambrose of Milan, he named Mary as the Mother of the Church during the Second Vatican Council.[10] Paul VI described himself as a humble servant for a suffering humanity and demanded significant changes from the rich in North America and Europe in favour of the poor in the Third World.[11] His positions on birth control, promulgated famously in the 1968 encyclical Humanae vitae, were often contested, especially in Western Europe and North America. The same opposition emerged in reaction to the political aspects of some of his teaching.
Following the standard procedures that lead to sainthood, Pope Benedict XVI declared that the late pontiff had lived a life of heroic virtue and conferred the title of Venerable upon him on 20 December 2012. Pope Francis beatified him on 19 October 2014 after the recognition of a miracle attributed to his intercession. His liturgical feast was celebrated on the date of his birth on 26 September until 2019 when it was changed to the date of his sacerdotal ordination on 29 May. Pope Francis canonised Paul VI on 14 October 2018.
Completion of the Vatican CouncilPaul VI decided to continue Vatican II (canon law dictates that a council is suspended at the death of a pope), and brought it to completion in 1965. Faced with conflicting interpretations and controversies, he directed the implementation of its reform goals.
Ecumenical orientation
During Vatican II, the Council Fathers avoided statements which might anger Christians of other faiths.[60][page needed] Cardinal Augustin Bea, the President of the Christian Unity Secretariat, always had the full support of Paul VI in his attempts to ensure that the Council language was friendly and open to the sensitivities of Protestant and Orthodox Churches, whom he had invited to all sessions at the request of Pope John XXIII. Bea also was strongly involved in the passage of Nostra aetate, which regulates the Church's relations with the Jewish faith and members of other religions.[b]
Dialogue with the world
After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new diocese. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963.[30] In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As "his pontifical goals" he mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities.[30] The Council priorities of Paul VI
The pope re-opened the Ecumenical Council on 29 September 1963 giving it four key priorities:
- A better understanding of the Catholic Church
- Church reforms
- Advancing the unity of Christianity
- Dialogue with the world[30]
Tridentine Mass ex Wiki
The Tridentine Mass,[1]
also known as the Traditional Latin Mass (often abbreviated as
TLM)[2]
or Usus Antiquior, is the
Roman Rite
Mass of the
Catholic Church. It appears in typical editions of the
Roman Missal published from 1570 to 1962.[3]
Celebrated exclusively in
Ecclesiastical Latin, it was the most widely used Eucharistic
liturgy in the world from its issuance in 1570 until the introduction of
the
Mass of Paul VI (promulgated in 1969, with the revised Roman Missal
appearing in 1970).[4]
The edition promulgated by Pope John XXIII in 1962 (the last to bear the indication ex decreto Sacrosancti Concilii Tridentini restitutum) and Mass celebrated in accordance with it are described in the 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum as an authorized form of the Church's liturgy, and this form of the Tridentine Mass is often spoken of as the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite.
"Tridentine" is derived from the Latin Tridentinus, "related to the city of Tridentum" (modern-day Trent, Italy), where the Council of Trent was held at the height of the Counter-Reformation. In response to a decision of that council,[5] Pope Pius V promulgated the 1570 Roman Missal, making it mandatory throughout the Latin Church, except in places and religious orders with missals from before 1370.[6] Although the Tridentine Mass is often described as the Latin Mass,[7] the post-Vatican II Mass published by Pope Paul VI and republished by Pope John Paul II,[8] which replaced it as the ordinary form of the Roman Rite, has its official text in Latin and is sometimes celebrated in that language.[9][10]
In 2007, Pope Benedict XVI issued the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, accompanied by a letter to the world's bishops, authorizing use of the 1962 Tridentine Mass by all Latin Rite Catholic priests in Masses celebrated without the people. These Masses "may — observing all the norms of law — also be attended by faithful who, of their own free will, ask to be admitted".[11] Permission for competent priests to use the Tridentine Mass as parish liturgies may be given by the pastor or rector.[12]
Benedict stated that the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal is to be considered an "extraordinary form" (forma extraordinaria)[13] of the Roman Rite, of which the 1970 Mass of Paul VI is the ordinary, normal or standard form. Since that is the only authorized extraordinary form, some refer to the 1962 Tridentine Mass as "the extraordinary form" of the Mass.[14] The 1962 Tridentine Mass is sometimes referred to as the "usus antiquior" (older use) or "forma antiquior" (older form),[15] to differentiate it from the Mass of Paul VI, again in the sense of being the only one of the older forms for which authorization has been granted.
Augustin Bea ex Metapedia
QUOTE
Augustin Bea (May 28,
1881–November 16, 1968) was a
Jesuit writer at the
Pontifical Gregorian University, who was born in
Germany. He
has been accused of being a
Crypto-Jew,
on the basis that his original family name was Behar.[1]
He was raised as a cardinal of the
Catholic Church by
Pope John XXIII. He was involved in many controversies, pushing a
Jewish agenda to infiltrate and undermine the Catholic faith; he was accused
by
Léon de Poncins of being an agent of the Judeo-masonic group
B'nai
B'rith.
Behar was able to cast a dark shadow over Pope Pius XII for a time as his confessor, influencing Divino Afflante Spiritu, which allowed translation of the Bible into spoken languages from sources other than the Latin Vulgate. Behar was infamous for the Judaising, relativistic and guilt-inducing Nostra Aetate. This came about as a result of pressure led ostensibly by extremist Jules Isaac. At the Second Vatican Council, Behar as a chief revolutionist came into heated conflict with Cardinal Alfredo Ottaviani, who defended Catholic orthodoxy.
References ↑ How the Jews Changed Catholic Thinking by Joseph Roddy. Look Magazine, Volume 30 No. 2, 25 January 1966. Retrieved on 6 June 2010.
External links
The Cardinal Bea Centre for Judaic Studies - a subversive group at the
Pontifical Gregorian University named after Behar.
UNQUOTE
Given that
he made Cardinal the Pope must have known him pretty well. So is the Pope a
Catholic? Do bears do whatever in the woods?
A Christian gentleman? Not for my money.